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Newcastle University

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The Harvard at Newcastle referencing style...

Harvard at Newcastle

Harvard at Newcastle is the most frequently used referencing style and, if your school does not have a preferred style, it is the one that we would recommend. This is because there is comprehensive guidance available for Harvard and it is a style that can manage referencing all types of information. It follows the author-date format, whereby each reference starts with the author's surname, initials and year of publication. 

It follows the author-date format, whereby each reference starts with the author's surname, initials and year of publication.

For print and electronic books, you should use the following format: Surname, Initials. (Year of Publication) Title in Italics. Edition if not first. Place of publication: Publisher.

Bell, J. (2010) Doing your research project. 5th edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

For a chapter or section from a book, use this format: Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of chapter or section', in Surname, Initial. (ed.) Title of book in italics. Place of publication: publisher, Page reference.

Franklin, A.W. (2012) 'Management of the problem', in Smith, S.M. (ed.) The maltreatment of children. Lancaster: MTP, pp. 83-95.

There are many, many more types of reference (e.g. journal articles, web pages, social media posts). 

There are many variations of Harvard but the one used at Newcastle can be found in Cite Them Right which is available in printed and electronic format. Harvard uses an in-text citation inserted in the text, coupled with a reference list at the end of the document, which provides the key. It includes guidance about how to reference just about every type of information you can think of, including the more tricky online sources such as social media. 

You will find the Harvard at Newcastle style in EndNote on campus PCs and through the RAS, and are able to download the style from our EndNote guide if you are using it locally on your own device.

Cite them right

Cite them right

Cite them right is an online guide (also available in print) designed to help students understand the importance of referencing accurately. It can be used to help cite and reference just about any source, in any style you need: make sure you check it out.

 

How to reference using Harvard at Newcastle style

Standard reference format for print and electronic books: 

Surname, Initials. (Year of Publication) Title in Italics. Edition if not first. Place of publication: Publisher. 

Example:

Bell, J. (2010) Doing your research project.  5th edn.  Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Please note, if an book does not include pagination and/or publisher information you should include the online source such as the collection or website that you read or downloaded it from:

Surname, Initials. (Year of Publication) Title in italics. Edition if not first edition. Name of e-book collection. [Online] Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Example:

Adams, D. (1979) The hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy.  Available at: http://amazon.co.uk/kindle-ebooks (Downloaded: 29 January 2013).

Standard reference format for chapter or section from edited book:

Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of chapter or section', in Surname, Initial. (ed.) Title of book.  Place of publication: publisher, Page reference.

Example:

Franklin, A.W. (2012) 'Management of the problem', in Smith, S.M. (ed.) The maltreatment of children.  Lancaster: MTP, pp. 83-95.

Standard reference format for print or electronic journals:

Surname, Initials. (Year of Publication) ‘Title of article in single quotes’, Title of Journal in Italics, Volume (Part/month/season where applicable), page numbers.

Example:

Norrie, C., Hammond, J., D'Avrary, L., Collington, V. and Fook, J. (2012) 'Doing it differently? A review of literature on teaching reflective practice across  health and social care professions', Reflective Practice, 13(4), pp. 565-578.

Standard reference format for electronic journal with Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

Surname, Initials. (Year of Publication) ‘Title of article in single quotes’, Title of Journal in Italics, Volume (Part/month/season where applicable), page numbers. doi:xxxx/xxxxx/xx.

Example:

Shirazi, T. (2010) 'Successful teaching placements in secondary schools: achieving QTS practical handbooks', European Journal of Teacher Education, 33(3), pp. 323-326. doi: 10.1080/02619761003602246.

Standard reference format for market research reports from online databases:

Author (year) 'Report title in single quotation marks'. Available at: URL (Accessed: Last accessed date).

Example:

Mintel Oxygen (2011) 'Car insurance UK'. Available at: http://academic.mintel.com (Accessed: 5 January 2013).

Standard reference format for a web page:

Author of website. (Year it was created) Title of website. Available at: URL (Accessed: last accessed date).

Example:

Burton, P.A. (2012) Castles of Spain.  Available at: http://www.castlesofspain.co.uk/ (Accessed: 14 October 2012).

Standard reference format for a Facebook page:

Surname, Initial. (Year that the page was published/last updated) Title of page [Facebook] Day/month of posted message. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Example:

Tynemouth outdoor pool (2012) [Facebook] 29 August.  Available at: http://www.facebook.com (Accessed: 31 August 2012).

Standard reference format for a Tweet:

Surname, Initial. (Year tweet posted) Title of Tweet [Twitter] Day/month of tweet posted. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).

Example:

Fry, S. (2012) I think you’ll find this eye-opening and jaw-dropping. [Twitter] 13 January.  Available at: https://twitter.com/stephenfry (Accessed: 18 December 2012).

Standard reference format for archival sources are often referenced in the same format as unpublished works:

When a creator or author is known:

Creator Surname, Creator Initials, Year. Document Title [Format]. Plus information on where the item is held and any identifier

Example:

Newton, W. (1785) Letter to William Ord, 23 June. [Manuscript]. 324 E11/4, Northumberland Archives, Woodhorn.

When a creator or author is not known:

Document Title. Year. [Format]. Plus information on where the item is held and any identifier

Example:

Fenham journal (1795) [Manuscript].  324 E12, Northumberland Archives, Woodhorn.

Books:

  • Authors should be cited in the order they appear on the book
  • In titles, only the first letter and proper nouns should be capitalised
  • Edition is written e.g. 2nd edn. 
  • In-text citations for e-books are exactly the same as for print books, only the reference changes

Journals:

  • In article titles, only the first letter and proper nouns should be capitalised
  • Both printed and electronic journals can be referenced in the same format (no need to include URL or collection for e-journals)
  • In journal titles all words should be capitalised except linking words (e.g. of, the, for)
  • Multiple sources can be cited within brackets using a semi-colon as a separator e.g. (Blanchett, 2001; Bent, 2003). 

Web pages:

  • If you are unable to find the name of the author of the page, use the organisation as the author, e.g. (British Broadcasting Corporation).
  • If you are unable to find a date of publication/revision you may want to question whether to use the outdated source in your work.

For all sources:

  • Multiple sources can be cited within brackets using a semi-colon as a separator e.g. (Blanchett, 2001; Bent, 2003)
  • If you are using a direct quote you must include page numbers in your citations e.g. (Campbell, 2011, p. 78)
  • Single page numbers are written p. 3 and multiple pages pp. 1-3. Within in-text citations this should be given after the year e.g. (Young, 2003, p. 45) or (Young, 2003, pp. 45-46)
  • You should provide all the information for who ever is reading your work to trace the source