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Systematic Reviews: Defining your question

How to search the literature

Defining your question

In order to search databases and sources, you need to define your question as a series of individual concepts.

You will also need to consider listing synonyms to ensure you have thought of every way of referring to your concept.

An example proposal:

After the comprehensive study carried out by UK Vets Research in 2004, what evidence is there that domestic cats prefer meat to dry food?

Concept Domestic cat Food
Synonyms    Cats Dry food       
Kittens Wet food
Meat
Pet food
Biscuits

 You should keep a complete list of these terms to apply to each of your chosen sources.

Limits

You should also consider which limits you want to place on your search. For example:

Dates - how far back do you want to go? Was there a change of policy, treatment or theory which mean you don't need to search before a certain date?

Publication type - are you only interested in articles, or clinical trials and RCTs, or do you want to include all materials?

Cohort - is your study just looking at men, or women, or a certain age group, or a particular style of painting or a certain geographical area?

Choosing limits will allow you to discard material which isn't relevant to your review.

 

For our example proposal we could apply the limits:

 - Publications after 2004

- Domestic cats only - no wild or 'big' cats, or zoo animals